Basic Commands

**g0tmi1k** · 2014-03-22

Table of Contents
Basic commands for:

Basic commands for the Opertating System (OS)
**QUICK**

Code:

id; uname -a; lsb_release -a

id (man page)
Displays the user who executed the program.

Code:

root@kali:~# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
root@kali:~#

uname -a (man page)
Displays the kernel name, hostname, kernel release, kernel version, machine name, processor (if known), hardware (if known) and operating system.

Code:

root@kali:~# uname -a
Linux kali 4.9.0-kali3-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 4.9.18-1kali1 (2017-04-04) i686 GNU/Linux
root@kali:~#

lsb_release -a (man page)
Displays which version of Kali-Linux is currently installed

Code:

root@kali:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Kali
Description:	Kali GNU/Linux Rolling
Release:	kali-rolling
Codename:	kali-rolling
root@kali:~#

**g0tmi1k** · 2014-03-22

Basic commands for networking
**QUICK**

Code:

ifconfig; route -n; cat /etc/resolv.conf; cat /etc/network/interfaces; cat /etc/hosts

ifconfig (man page)
Displays various bits of information about the NIC (e.g. IP addresses, subnet, MAC address etc).
Note: ifconfig -a, will display information about ALL NICs (including the ones that are currently down).

Code:

root@kali:~# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0b:29:9c:c9:b3  
          inet addr:192.168.1.23  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:ff9b:c9a3/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:292216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:135628 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:431730275 (411.7 MiB)  TX bytes:7398306 (7.0 MiB)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:1648 (1.6 KiB)  TX bytes:1648 (1.6 KiB)

root@kali:~#

You can also alter the state of the NIC by place it in either 'down' or 'up' state, which disables or enables the NIC

Code:

root@kali ~$ ifconfig eth0 down
root@kali ~$ ping -c 1 google.com
ping: unknown host google.com
root@kali ~$ ifconfig eth0 up
root@kali ~$ ping -c 1 google.com
PING google.com (62.252.173.153) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from m409-mp1-cvx1c.lan.ntl.com (62.252.173.153): icmp_req=1 ttl=128 time=18.0 ms

--- google.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 18.061/18.061/18.061/0.000 ms
root@kali ~$

route -n (man page)
Displays the routing table (gateways information)

Code:

root@kali:~# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.2     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
root@kali:~#

cat /etc/resolv.conf (man page)
Displays the DNS information

Code:

root@kali:~# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
domain localdomain
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.1.2
root@kali:~#

cat /etc/network/interfaces (more information)
Displays the network interface configuration
Note: eth0 is setup to use DHCP.

Code:

root@kali:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
root@kali:~#

cat /etc/hosts (man page)
Static values for hostname lookups
Note: Editing these values, will NOT change your hostname (for that look into hostname & /etc/hostname).

Code:

root@kali:~# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
127.0.1.1	kali-offsec

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
root@kali:~#

**g0tmi1k** · 2014-03-22

Basic commands for hardware
**QUICK**

Code:

 lspci; lsusb; dmesg; lsmod

lspci (man page)
List all PCI devices (e.g. Internal devices).

Code:

root@kali:~# lspci 
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX Host bridge (rev 01)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX AGP bridge (rev 01)
00:07.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ISA (rev 08)
00:07.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)
00:07.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 08)
00:07.7 System peripheral: VMware Virtual Machine Communication Interface (rev 10)
00:0f.0 VGA compatible controller: VMware SVGA II Adapter
00:10.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)
00:11.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI bridge (rev 02)
00:15.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
02:00.0 USB controller: VMware USB1.1 UHCI Controller
02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] (rev 10)
02:02.0 Multimedia audio controller: Ensoniq ES1371 [AudioPCI-97] (rev 02)
02:03.0 USB controller: VMware USB2 EHCI Controller
02:05.0 Ethernet controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] (rev 10)
root@kali:~#

lsusb (man page)
List all USB devices (e.g. External devices).

Code:

root@kali:~# lsusb 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
root@kali:~#

dmesg (man page)
Displays the contents of the kernel buffer (Whats in the kernel log).
Note: Warning, this may produce a very large output

Code:

root@kali:~# dmesg 
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct
[    0.000000] Linux version 3.12-kali1-686-pae ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.7.2 (Debian 4.7.2-5) ) #1 SMP Debian 3.12.6-2kali1 (2014-01-06)
[    0.000000] Disabled fast string operations
...snip...
[    3.367400] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: (null)
[    3.407412] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[    3.499360] loop: module loaded
[    4.180582] Netfilter messages via NETLINK v0.30.
[    4.350865] pcnet32 0000:02:01.0 eth0: link up
[    5.224520] pcnet32 0000:02:05.0 eth1: link up
[    7.826665] [drm] width 1024
[    7.826704] [drm] height 768
[    7.826716] [drm] bpp 32
[    7.826771] [drm] Fifo max 0x00200000 min 0x00001000 cap 0x0000077f
[    7.843755] [drm] width 1024
[    7.843764] [drm] height 768
[    7.843771] [drm] bpp 32
[    7.843827] [drm] Fifo max 0x00200000 min 0x00001000 cap 0x0000077f
[  187.769500] sda1: WRITE SAME failed. Manually zeroing.
root@kali:~#

lsmod (man page)
Displays the status of modules in the Linux Kernel (e.g. what drivers have been loaded)

Code:

root@kali:~# lsmod 
Module                  Size  Used by
nfnetlink_log          17065  0 
nfnetlink              12853  1 nfnetlink_log
binfmt_misc            12733  1 
loop                   21962  0 
dm_crypt               22008  0 
hid_generic            12369  0 
usbhid                 39684  0 
hid                    80998  2 hid_generic,usbhid
vmw_balloon            12502  0 
psmouse                76538  0 
serio_raw              12737  0 
coretemp               12734  0 
evdev                  17172  4 
parport_pc             25991  0 
parport                35171  1 parport_pc
processor              27662  0 
battery                12949  0 
ac                     12588  0 
thermal_sys            22960  1 processor
snd_ens1371            22679  2 
snd_ac97_codec         96188  1 snd_ens1371
snd_rawmidi            22278  1 snd_ens1371
snd_seq_device         12980  1 snd_rawmidi
snd_pcm                69436  2 snd_ac97_codec,snd_ens1371
snd_page_alloc         12882  1 snd_pcm
snd_timer              22002  1 snd_pcm
vmwgfx                109623  1 
snd                    50767  10 snd_ac97_codec,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_ens1371,snd_seq_device
soundcore              12890  1 snd
button                 12824  0 
ac97_bus               12462  1 snd_ac97_codec
gameport               13316  1 snd_ens1371
ttm                    55536  1 vmwgfx
drm                   198264  3 ttm,vmwgfx
i2c_piix4              12592  0 
i2c_core               23371  2 drm,i2c_piix4
shpchp                 30673  0 
vmw_vmci               54642  0 
ext4                  442562  1 
crc16                  12327  1 ext4
mbcache                12938  1 ext4
jbd2                   73110  1 ext4
dm_mod                 78673  1 dm_crypt
sr_mod                 21563  0 
cdrom                  34540  1 sr_mod
sg                     25628  0 
ata_generic            12450  0 
sd_mod                 43598  3 
crct10dif_generic      12517  1 
crc_t10dif             12399  1 sd_mod
crct10dif_common       12340  2 crct10dif_generic,crc_t10dif
crc32_pclmul           12809  0 
crc32c_intel           12659  0 
aesni_intel            17934  0 
aes_i586               16647  1 aesni_intel
xts                    12583  1 aesni_intel
lrw                    12645  1 aesni_intel
gf128mul               12834  2 lrw,xts
ablk_helper            12508  1 aesni_intel
cryptd                 14160  1 ablk_helper
floppy                 51966  0 
ehci_pci               12432  0 
uhci_hcd               26356  0 
ehci_hcd               43677  1 ehci_pci
pcnet32                34875  0 
usbcore               137931  4 uhci_hcd,ehci_hcd,ehci_pci,usbhid
mii                    12595  1 pcnet32
usb_common             12408  1 usbcore
ata_piix               29336  0 
libata                153595  2 ata_generic,ata_piix
mptspi                 21663  2 
scsi_transport_spi     23201  1 mptspi
mptscsih               22262  1 mptspi
mptbase                68288  2 mptspi,mptscsih
scsi_mod              151284  7 sg,scsi_transport_spi,libata,mptspi,sd_mod,sr_mod,mptscsih
root@kali:~#

**g0tmi1k** · 2014-04-07

Basic commands for Wi-Fi troubleshooting
**QUICK**

Code:

airmon-ng --verbose; rfkill list; iwconfig

Please also see 'hardware'.

airmon-ng --verbose
A modified version of airmon-ng, which helps with troubleshooting and monitor mode.

Code:

root@kali ~$ airmon-ng --verbose

Linux kali 3.12-kali1-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 3.12.6-2kali1 (2014-01-06) i686 GNU/Linux
Detected VM using lscpu
This appears to be a VMware Virtual Machine
If your system supports VT-d, it may be possible to use PCI devices
If your system does not support VT-d, you can only use USB wifi cards

K indicates driver is from 3.12-kali1-686-pae
V indicates driver comes directly from the vendor, almost certainly a bad thing
S indicates driver comes from the staging tree, these drivers are meant for reference not actual use, BEWARE
? indicates we do not know where the driver comes from... report this


X[PHY]Interface	Driver[Stack]-FirmwareRev	Chipset							Extended Info

K[phy0]wlan0	rt73usb[mac80211]-1.7	Linksys WUSB54GC v1 802.11g Adapter [Ralink RT73]	

root@kali ~$

By using the "--verbose", airmon-ng provide a large amount of very useful information when trying to troubleshoot 802.11 NIC issues.

rfkill (man page)
Enables (and disables) wireless devices.

Code:

root@kali ~$ rfkill list
2: phy2: Wireless LAN
	Soft blocked: no
	Hard blocked: no
root@kali ~$

iwconfig (man page)
Displays & controls 802.11 NICs.

Code:

root@kali ~$ iwconfig
wlan0     IEEE 802.11bg  ESSID:off/any  
          Mode:Managed  Access Point: Not-Associated   Tx-Power=20 dBm   
          Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:off
          Power Management:on
          
root@kali ~$

airmon-ng (man page)
Automates turning wireless cards into monitor mode

Code:

root@kali ~$ airmon-ng


Interface	Chipset		Driver

wlan0		Ralink 2573 USB	rt73usb - [phy1]

root@kali ~$

Note: "airmon-ng --verbose" displays the same amount of information and more.

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