I have got right now one ar9271 plugged and it was recognized out of the box ( kali installed on hard drive )
Code:
kcdtv@noname4u:~$ sudo airmon-ng
Interface Chipset Driver
wlan0 Ralink 2573 USB rt73usb - [phy1]
wlan4 Atheros AR9271 ath9k - [phy2]
wlan1 Ralink RT2870/3070 rt2800usb - [phy0]
kcdtv@noname4u:~$ sudo airmon-ng start wlan4
Found 4 processes that could cause trouble.
If airodump-ng, aireplay-ng or airtun-ng stops working after
a short period of time, you may want to kill (some of) them!
-e
PID Name
2500 NetworkManager
2691 wpa_supplicant
3101 dhclient
3373 dhclient
Process with PID 3373 (dhclient) is running on interface wlan1
Interface Chipset Driver
wlan0 Ralink 2573 USB rt73usb - [phy1]
wlan4 Atheros AR9271 ath9k - [phy2]
(monitor mode enabled on mon0)
wlan1 Ralink RT2870/3070 rt2800usb - [phy0]
So the problem is realy linked to your virtual machine settings