Another update:
I did it! It works and here is what I did.
At first I tried to find which service is for the wlan-connection. It's called wpa_supplicant and it looks like it didn't work as it should, so i killed the process after I find the PID of it.
Afterwards I created the wpa_supplicant conf with this:
Code:
wpa_passphrase SSID >> /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
SSID is a placeholder for the networkname you want to connect to. Keep in mind to write the WPA-Key behind the Code.
Now I started the wpa_supplicant by using the followiing code:
Code:
wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
The PC connects to my wlan.
Poorly I didn't know why the graphicinterface don't want to work, but I think it depends on the fact that kali is intalled to a USB. My disks-programm doesn't work either. But hey, I have connection to the web!