Kernel panic failed to mount root fs (8,18]

What have you tried:nothing works because pendrive is stuck in read-only mode

What is the error:kernel panic failed to mount root fs (8,18]

What device is this on:raspberry pi 3B+ 32bit arm processor

what did you use to create the ISO image?
balena etcher is the best tool to use;

if this is a persistent install then your extra partition needs to be recreated.